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Using TRNSYS software, the proposed Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC)-based solar heating system paired with the boiler is modelled. Sensible thermal energy storage (TES) system is integrated into the refinery's process heating to handle the intermittent nature of solar energy.
Conclusion The present study investigates the feasibility of solar hybrid system to generate steam in the oil refinery to maintain the temperature of heavy crude oil products before despatching from storage tanks. Due to the intermittent behaviour of solar energy, the solar hybrid system is integrated with a sensible heat storage tank.
Most of the steam is to be used for the atmospheric distillation process, which is one of the most energy-intensive processes of a refinery. Furthermore, the exergy balance is shown in Fig. 12 c, which attests to an exergy efficiency of the plant of 55.5%. The energy efficiency determined from the energy balance is 82.4%.
Other studies in the literature considered coupling solar energy systems to oil refineries to decarbonize their operation. The applicability and feasibility of introducing a concentrated solar power (CSP) system to reduce partial reliance on process heaters of a crude oil refinery was studied by Danish et al. .
Stakeholders in Jordan's construction industry were asked to assess their degree of awareness and knowledge of green building and sustainability, based on their own experiences and understanding, to get insight into how well-informed they are.
As a solution to the lack of sustainable construction in Jordan, manufacturers and suppliers of building materials, and program and project developers, are recommended to invest in environmentally friendly buildings and materials and recycle construction and demolition waste . 5. Conclusions
Results from the interviews showed several reasons for the low adoption of sustainable building practices in Jordan, including lack of knowledge and education, lack of support from stakeholders, and limited rehabilitation and scientific research .
Jordan's private and public sectors' perceptions of green building construction in Jordan can be influenced by the findings of this study, which helps promote the notion of sustainable building construction in Jordan to the research participants.
